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Penn Nursing highlights a new repeated cross-sectional study published in Nursing Outlook co-authored by Research Associates Linda H. Aiken, Matthew D. McHugh and Karen Lasater which determines that hospital nurse understaffing and poor hospital work environments that predated the Covid-19 pandemic largely explain the disruptions in nursing care seen during the pandemic and continuing today. 

Citations:

"Better Staffed Hospitals Before Pandemic Had Better Outcomes During It," Penn Nursing.

Aiken LH, Sloane DM, McHugh MD, Pogue CA, Lasater KB "A repeated cross-sectional study of nurses immediately before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: Implications for action" Nursing Outlook, December 07, 2022.